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Ethics... Exploring Privacy and Confidentiality: Gray Areas
PA Child Abuse Reporting

Psychologist Post-Test
Psychologist CEs, Counselor CEUs, Social Worker CEUs, MFT CEUs| Child Abuse

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Questions:

1. In the course of consulting with you, a colleague tells you that her client, Sharon S, has just received a Citizen’s award for work in the community. You believe Sharon would be a good asset to your agency’s executive board. When you contact the chair person of the the selection committed to make your suggestion you...
A. may not reveal the information about Sharon’s award
B. may reveal the information about Sharon’s award
C. may reveal the information because it is favorable and not derogatory to the client
D. may reveal the information, but only after contacting the client for her permission
2. You see your client, Mildred B, at the mall. You should...
A. say “hello” to the client and walk by
B. say “hello” and ask how Mildred feels about this accidental meeting
C. act as if you do not see the client
D. carefully observe the client’s social functioning in this community setting
3. You may reveal confidential information in order to prevent a significant threatened danger, but only if...
A. the client consents
B. care is taken to determine the information’s validity
C. the client was instructed earlier about the limits to confidentiality
D. the client has a serious and persistent mental illness
4. You are about to finish a session with Helen, the mother and Jodie the daughter. You feel Helen has pent up hostility towards her daughter. You notice that as Jodie reaches for her school books to leave, her sleeve pulls up to reveal a cut and large bruise on her arm. The first thing you should do would be:
A. contact Child Protective Services about the possibility of abuse
B. ask Helen how the injury happened
C. wait until the next session to discuss the situation
D. ask the child in private how the cut and bruise happened
5. Susie, (12 years old) tells the therapist during a session that she has been sexually abused by her father. Susie immediately breaks into tears as she fears the therapist will report it. The first response of the therapist should be to:
A. calm the child and ask for a further clarification of the abusive situation
B. explain to the child that the therapist has no choice and it must be reported immediately
C. tell the child that it is for the best in the long run and he must trust the worker
D. explain the legal requirements & what will probably happen to the child as a result if the abuse is currently going on
6. If a woman admits during a counseling session that she is being abused by her boyfriend, the social worker is obligated to do the following:
A. Report the incident to the proper authority with or without client permission
B. Report the incident with client permission only
C. Assist the woman to become aware of services available to her in regard to the abuse
D. Nothing is required of the social worker, it is up to the woman to ask
7. Linda B., a battered woman, informs you that her husband has threatened to kill her. He owns a gun. She has been unable to sleep soundly and has developed generalized anxiety. She is afraid that if her husband finds out that she has told you about his abuse, that he will follow through on his threat. You should...
A. urge your client to leave her husband and move to a shelter for battered women
B. work with the client to document the frequency, magnitude and duration of her reactions to the husband’s threats
C. inform your client of her options
D. interview the husband in order to help him avert behaving in a way that will cause problems for both his wife and himself
8. Here is a question that revisits the “Duty to Warn,” for purposes of review. While in a therapy, Jill reveals that she is planning to physically harm another client, which she had met in a group you conduct. What is the best ethical course of action for the social worker?
A. first, should alert his/her supervisor
B. can do nothing because she/he is bound by client confidentiality
C. should first warn the other client
D. should first tell the police of his/her client’s intentions to harm another client
9. If an attorney requests the record of a client and the therapist has received a verbal okay to release the record from the client the therapist should:
A. release the record as requested
B. wait until the record is subpoenaed to court
C. get the client’s consent in writing
D. assert professional privilege and refuse to release the record as you believe it might be harmful to your client’s case
10. You are the therapist in a psychiatric program. After conducting an intake interview with Mary, you decide to admit her to the program and to serve as her primary therapist. The client begins participating in the program’s various group activities. You need to speak with the other staff who will be leading the groups to inform them of the findings of your intake assessment. Before doing so, which of the following do you think you should do?
A. you must obtain Mary’s written consent to release information to the other staff members
B. you need to obtain written confirmation from the other staff that they will treat the information in confidence
C. you should let Mary know that information will be shared between staff members but you do not need to obtain her consent before doing so
D. you should encourage Mary to provide the various staff members with information from your intake assessment
11. When a former client is deceased, confidentiality . . .
A. no longer applies
B. applies only to non-clinical information such as demographic information and dates of service contacts
C. does not apply to any information that might be relevant to settling of the client’s estate
D. applies as if the client were still alive
12. There is no correct answer here; merely fill in the blank with those that apply. Fill in the blank with the letter for the questions that you may have about the case study.
A. Why were Alvin’s son and daughter told first?
B. Were they his legal guardians?
C. Was a release of information signed by Alvin?
D. Does this fall under the area of protection regarding harm to self?
Questions:

13. The NASW, AAMFT, APA, and NBCC Code of Ethics, Privacy and Confiden-tiality Sections, all address what two exceptions to disclose confidential information without the consent of the individual:
14. Information of a patient should be released to others only with the patient's permission or allowed by law. When is a patient unable to do the decisions about information sharing that should be made by the legal representative or legal guardian of the patient?
15. The cost problem in American health care results from what three main sources?
16. What is the crucial first step for jurisdictions seeking to design and implement effective criminal justice-mental health collaborations?
17. Give an example where the use or disclosure of medical information is explicitly permitted for certain health-related marketing under the Privacy Rule?
18. Some states designate HIV-related information as _____ which imposes special burdens on health care providers and grants patients a high degree of control over any disclosures. These states strictly limit the sharing of HIV test results to persons with a statutorily defined _____ including those within a single health care facility. Instances that will trigger the release of HIV test results include _____

Answers:

A. Age and mental incapacity.

B. mandated by law; protect the patient or client or others from harm

C. Understanding the legal framework of information sharing.

D. Excessively high prices for care in the U.S., administrative costs of highly fragmented private insurance, and, too many core services performed in clinical situations where they are of little to no benefit.

E. “super confidential;” “need to know;” disclosure to victims of sexual assault; assaulted an officer; auditors of scientific research; public health agencies; blood donors, and blood or organ recipients

F. Communication about a plan's health related products or alternative treatments and services is not considered marketing for the purposes of the Rule-even if the healthcare provider is paid to encourage the patient to use the product or service.


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