Suicide Risk Prevention, Assessment, Referral, Treatment, & Management

Albers, L. D., Grigsby, T. J., Benjamin, S. M., Rogers, C. J., Unger, J. B., & Forster, M. (2022). Adverse childhood experiences and sleep difficulties among young adult college students. Journal of sleep research, 31(5), e13595. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13595

Alyce, S., Taggart, D., Montaque, I., & Turton, J. (2022). Avoiding psychological (re)traumatisation in dentistry when working with patients who are adult survivors of child sex abuse. British dental journal, 233(8), 666-670. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-022-5103-z

Anderson, J. C., Feinstein, Z., Edwards, C., Jones, K. A., Van Dusen, C., Kehr, V., Burrell, C., Coulter, R. W. S., Miller, E., & Chugani, C. D. (2022). Provider perspectives on implementing a student health and counseling center intervention for sexual violence. Journal of American college health : J of ACH, 70(5), 1363-1371. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2020.1797752

Evans, D. P., Schnabel, L., Wyckoff, K., & Narasimhan, S. (2023). "A daily reminder of an ugly incident � ": analysis of debate on rape and incest exceptions in early abortion ban legislation in six states in the southern US. Sexual and reproductive health matters, 31(1), 2198283. https://doi.org/10.1080/26410397.2023.2198283

Girma, E., Ametaj, A., Alemayehu, M., Milkias, B., Yared, M., Misra, S., Stevenson, A., Koenen, K. C., Gelaye, B., & Teferra, S. (2022). Measuring Traumatic Experiences in a Sample of Ethiopian Adults: Psychometric Properties of the Life Events Checklist-5. European journal of trauma & dissociation = Revue europeenne du trauma et de la dissociation, 6(4), 100298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejtd.2022.100298

Holper, L., Mokros, A., & Habermeyer, E. (2023). Moderators of Sexual Recidivism as Indicator of Treatment Effectiveness in Persons With Sexual Offense Histories: An Updated Meta-analysis. Sexual abuse : a journal of research and treatment, 10790632231159071. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/10790632231159071

Kooistra, M. J., Hoeboer, C. M., Oprel, D. A. C., Schoorl, M., van der Does, W., Ter Heide, J. J., van Minnen, A., & de Kleine, R. A. (2023). Changes in trauma-related cognitions predict subsequent symptom improvement during prolonged exposure in patients with childhood abuse-related PTSD. Behaviour research and therapy, 163, 104284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2023.104284

McGill, L., & McElvaney, R. (2023). Adult and Adolescent Disclosures of Child Sexual Abuse: A Comparative Analysis. Journal of interpersonal violence, 38(1-2), NP1163-NP1186. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605221088278

Reeson, M., Polzin, W., Pazderka, H., Agyapong, V., Greenshaw, A. J., Hnatko, G., Wei, Y., Szymanski, L., & Silverstone, P. H. (2022). Child sexual abuse survivors: Differential complex multimodal treatment outcomes for pre-COVID and COVID era cohorts. Child abuse & neglect, 134, 105926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105926

Sachser, C., Berliner, L., Risch, E., Rosner, R., Birkeland, M. S., Eilers, R., Hafstad, G. S., Pfeiffer, E., Plener, P. L., & Jensen, T. K. (2022). The child and Adolescent Trauma Screen 2 (CATS-2) - validation of an instrument to measure DSM-5 and ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in children and adolescents. European journal of psychotraumatology, 13(2), 2105580. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2022.2105580

Schmitt, S., Robjant, K., Elbert, T., Carleial, S., Hoeffler, A., Chibashimba, A., Hinkel, H., & Koebach, A. (2022). Breaking the cycles of violence with narrative exposure: Development and feasibility of NETfacts, a community-based intervention for populations living under continuous threat. PloS one, 17(12), e0275421. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275421

Stige, S. H., Andersen, A. C., Halvorsen, J. E., Halvorsen, M. S., Binder, P. E., Måkestad, E., & Albæk, A. U. (2022). Possible paths to increase detection of child sexual abuse in child and adolescent psychiatry: a meta-synthesis of survivors' and health professionals' experiences of addressing child sexual abuse. International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being, 17(1), 2103934. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2022.2103934

von Franqué, F., & Briken, P. (2023). Corrigendum: Mandated or voluntary treatment of men who committed child sexual abuse: Is there a difference?. Frontiers in psychiatry, 14, 1145593. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1145593

Peer-Reviewed Journal Article References:
Alessi, S. M., Rash, C. J., & Pescatello, L. S. (2020). Reinforcing exercise to improve drug abuse treatment outcomes: A randomized controlled study in a substance use disorder outpatient treatment setting. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 34(1), 52–64. 

Andover, M. S., Schatten, H. T., Holman, C. S., & Miller, I. W. (2020). Moderators of treatment response to an intervention for nonsuicidal self-injury in young adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. Advance online publication. 

Arias, S. A., Dumas, O., Sullivan, A. F., Boudreaux, E. D., Miller, I., & Camargo, C. A., Jr. (2016). Substance use as a mediator of the association between demographics, suicide attempt history, and future suicide attempts in emergency department patients. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 37(5), 385–391.

Badr, H. E.-S. (2017). Suicidal behaviors among adolescents—The role of school and home environment: Findings from a cross-sectional national-based survey. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 38(3), 168–176.

Baker, D. E., Edmonds, K. A., Calvert, M. L., Sanders, S. M., Bridges, A. J., Rhea, M. A., & Kosloff, S. (2019). Predicting attrition in long-term residential substance use disorder treatment: A modifiable risk factors perspective. Psychological Services. Advance online publication.

Bartik, W. J., Maple, M., & McKay, K. (2020). Youth suicide bereavement and the continuum of risk. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention. Advance online publication.

Boudreaux, E. D., Larkin, C., Kini, N., Capoccia, L., Allen, M. H., Goldstein Grumet, J., Silverman, M. M., McKeon, R., Barton, B., Miller, I., Formica, S. W., & Camargo, C. A., Jr. (2018). Predictive utility of an emergency department decision support tool in patients with active suicidal ideation. Psychological Services, 15(3), 270–278.

Bryan, C. J. (2015). Adjusting our aim: Next steps in military and veteran suicide prevention. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 2(1), 84–85.

Cameron, A. Y., Eaton, E., Brake, C. A., & Capone, C. (2021). Moral injury as a unique predictor of suicidal ideation in a veteran sample with a substance use disorder. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 13(8), 856–860.

Capps, R. E., Michael, K. D., & Jameson, J. P. (2019). Lethal means and adolescent suicidal risk: An expansion of the peace protocol. Journal of Rural Mental Health, 43(1), 3–16.

Carter, G., & Spittal, M. J. (2018). Suicide risk assessment: Risk stratification is not accurate enough to be clinically useful and alternative approaches are needed. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 39(4), 229–234.

Cerel, J., Singleton, M. D., Brown, M. M., Brown, S. V., Bush, H. M., & Brancado, C. J. (2016). Emergency department visits prior to suicide and homicide: Linking statewide surveillance systems. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 37(1), 5–12.

Chu, C., Van Orden, K. A., Ribeiro, J. D., & Joiner, T. E. (2017). Does the timing of suicide risk assessments influence ratings of risk severity? Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 48(2), 107–114.

Courtemanche, A. B., Piersma, D. E., & Valdovinos, M. G. (2019). Evaluating the relationship between the rate and temporal distribution of self-injurious behavior. Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice, 19(1), 72–80. 

Currier, J. M., Fadoir, N., Carroll, T. D., Kuhlman, S., Marie, L., Taylor, S. E., Smith, T., Isaak, S. L., & Sims, B. M. (2020). A cross-sectional investigation of divine struggles and suicide risk among men in early recovery from substance use disorders. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 12(3), 324–333.

Dickinson, W. P., & Miller, B. F. (2010). Comprehensiveness and continuity of care and the inseparability of mental and behavioral health from the patient-centered medical home. Families, Systems, & Health, 28(4), 348–355.

Dueweke, A. R., & Bridges, A. J. (2018). Suicide interventions in primary care: A selective review of the evidence. Families, Systems, & Health, 36(3), 289–302.

Fox, K. R., Harris, J. A., Wang, S. B., Millner, A. J., Deming, C. A., & Nock, M. K. (2020). Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview—Revised: Development, reliability, and validity. Psychological Assessment, 32(7), 677–689.

Franklin, J. C., Fox, K. R., Ribeiro, J. D., & Nock, M. K. (2017). Understanding the context of novel interventions for self-injurious thoughts and behaviors: A reply to Nielsen et al. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(8), 831–834.

Gehrmann, M., Dixon, S. D., Visser, V. S., & Griffin, M. (2020). Evaluating the outcomes for bereaved people supported by a community-based suicide bereavement service. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention. Advance online publication.

Goebert, D., Alvarez, A., Andrade, N. N., Balberde-Kamalii, J., Carlton, B. S., Chock, S., Chung-Do, J. J., Eckert, M. D., Hooper, K., Kaninau-Santos, K., Kaulukukui, G., Kelly, C., Pike, M. J., Rehuher, D., & Sugimoto-Matsuda, J. (2018). Hope, help, and healing: Culturally embedded approaches to suicide prevention, intervention and postvention services with native Hawaiian youth. Psychological Services, 15(3), 332–339.

Harrison, D. P., Stritzke, W. G. K., Fay, N., & Hudaib, A.-R. (2018). Suicide risk assessment: Trust an implicit probe or listen to the patient? Psychological Assessment, 30(10), 1317–1329.

Hendershot, C. S., Wardell, J. D., Vandervoort, J., McPhee, M. D., Keough, M. T., & Quilty, L. C. (2018). Randomized trial of working memory training as an adjunct to inpatient substance use disorder treatment. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 32(8), 861–872.

Hill, R. M., Oosterhoff, B., & Kaplow, J. B. (2017). Prospective identification of adolescent suicide ideation using classification tree analysis: Models for community-based screening. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(7), 702–711. 

Hilliard, M. E., Eakin, M. N., Borrelli, B., Green, A., & Riekert, K. A. (2015). Medication beliefs mediate between depressive symptoms and medication adherence in cystic fibrosis. Health Psychology, 34(5), 496–504.

Hilt, L. M., Tuschner, R. F., Salentine, C., Torcasso, G., & Nelson, K. R. (2018). Development and initial psychometrics of a school-based screening program to prevent adolescent suicide. Practice Innovations, 3(1), 1–17. 

Hill, K., Somerset, S., Schwarzer, R., & Chan, C. (2021). Promoting the community's ability to detect and respond to suicide risk through an online bystander intervention model-informed tool: A randomized controlled trial. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 42(3), 225–231.

Hom, M. A., Joiner, T. E., Jr., & Bernert, R. A. (2016). Limitations of a single-item assessment of suicide attempt history: Implications for standardized suicide risk assessment. Psychological Assessment, 28(8), 1026–1030.

Horon, R., Williams, S. N., McManus, T., & Roberts, J. (2018). The Culture and Protective Suicide Scale for Incarcerated Persons (CAPSSIP): A measure for evaluating suicide risk and protection within correctional populations. Psychological Services, 15(1), 45–55.

Inscoe, A. B., Donisch, K., Cheek, S., Stokes, C., Goldston, D. B., & Asarnow, J. R. (2021). Trauma-informed care for youth suicide prevention: A qualitative analysis of caregivers’ perspectives. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy.

Jobes, D. A., Gregorian, M. J., & Colborn, V. A. (2018). A stepped care approach to clinical suicide prevention. Psychological Services, 15(3), 243–250.

Kayman, D. J., Goldstein, M. F., Dixon, L., & Goodman, M. (2015). Perspectives of suicidal veterans on safety planning: Findings from a pilot study. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 36(5), 371–383.

Kiekens, G., Hasking, P., & Boyes, M. (2019). Measurement invariance of three brief emotion regulation questionnaires in people with and without a history of non-suicidal self-injury. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 35(6), 835–841. 

Kyron, M. J., Hooke, G. R., & Page, A. C. (2018). Daily assessment of interpersonal factors to predict suicidal ideation and non-suicidal self-injury in psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(6), 556–567.

Kelley, A., Restad, D., & Killsback, J. (2018). A public health approach: Documenting the risk and protective factors of suicide ideation in one American Indian community. Psychological Services, 15(3), 325–331.

Lee, C. S., & Wong, Y. J. (2020). Racial/ethnic and gender differences in the antecedents of youth suicide. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 26(4), 532–543.

Leroy, H., Dierynck, B., Anseel, F., Simons, T., Halbesleben, J. R. B., McCaughey, D., Savage, G. T., & Sels, L. (2012). Behavioral integrity for safety, priority of safety, psychological safety, and patient safety: A team-level study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(6), 1273–1281.

Lewis, K. C. (2019). Review of Teenage suicide notes: An ethnography of self-harm [Review of the book Teenage suicide notes: An ethnography of self-Harm, by T. Williams]. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 36(1), 108–111.

Liu, R. T., Vassileva, J., Gonzalez, R., & Martin, E. M. (2012). A comparison of delay discounting among substance users with and without suicide attempt history. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 26(4), 980–985. 

Luxton, D. D., June, J. D., & Comtois, K. A. (2013). Can postdischarge follow-up contacts prevent suicide and suicidal behavior? A review of the evidence. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 34(1), 32–41.

Madjar, N., Sarel-Mahlev, E., & Brunstein Klomek, A. (2020). Depression symptoms as mediator between adolescents' sense of loneliness at school and nonsuicidal self-injury behaviors. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention. Advance online publication.

Madjar, N., Segal, N., Eger, G., & Shoval, G. (2019). Exploring particular facets of cognitive emotion regulation and their relationships with nonsuicidal self-injury among adolescents. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 40(4), 280–286.

Maragakis, A., Lindeman, S., & Nolan, J. (2018). Evidence based and intensity specific services in the integrated care setting: Ethical considerations for a developing field. Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice, 18(4), 425–435.

Micol, V. J., Prouty, D., & Czyz, E. K. (2021). Enhancing motivation and self-efficacy for safety plan use: Incorporating motivational interviewing strategies in a brief safety planning intervention for adolescents at risk for suicide. Psychotherapy.

Miller, D. N. (2014). Levels of responsibility in school-based suicide prevention: Legal requirements, ethical duties, and best practices. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 9(3), 15–18.

Miller, S. N., Monahan, C. J., Phillips, K. M., Agliata, D., & Gironda, R. J. (2020). Mental health utilization among veterans at risk for suicide: Data from a post-deployment clinic. Psychological Services, 17(2), 217–226.

Mishara, B. L. (2008). Reconciling clinical experience with evidence-based knowledge in suicide prevention policy and practice [Editorial]. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 29(1), 1–3.

Mughal, F., Gorton, H. C., Michail, M., Robinson, J., & Saini, P. (2021). Suicide prevention in primary care: The opportunity for intervention [Editorial]. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 42(4), 241–246.

Pirkis, J. (2020). Strengthening the evidence base in suicide prevention: Systematic reviews and registered reports [Editorial]. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 41(2), 77–81.

Picard, E. H., & Rosenfeld, B. (2020). How clinicians incorporate suicide risk factors into suicide risk assessment. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention. Advance online publication.

Platt, S., & Niederkrotenthaler, T. (2020). Suicide prevention programs: Evidence base and best practice. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 41(Suppl 1), S99–S124.

Predmore, Z., Ramchand, R., Ayer, L., Kotzias, V., Engel, C., Ebener, P., Kemp, J. E., Karras, E., & Haas, G. L. (2017). Expanding suicide crisis services to text and chat: Responders' perspectives of the differences between communication modalities. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 38(4), 255–260.

Quijada, Y., Inostroza, C., Vaccari, P., Riese, J., & Hausmann-Stabile, C. (2021). Infusing the trauma-informed approach in youth suicide research: Lessons from the field. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 91(5), 579–588.

Reese, E. D., Conway, C. C., Anand, D., Bauer, D. J., & Daughters, S. B. (2019). Distress tolerance trajectories following substance use treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 87(7), 645–656.

Regehr, C., LeBlanc, V. R., Bogo, M., Paterson, J., & Birze, A. (2015). Suicide risk assessments: Examining influences on clinicians’ professional judgment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 85(4), 295–301.

Reger, M. A., Luxton, D. D., Tucker, R. P., Comtois, K. A., Keen, A. D., Landes, S. J., Matarazzo, B. B., & Thompson, C. (2017). Implementation methods for the caring contacts suicide prevention intervention. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 48(5), 369–377.

Rogers, M. L., & Joiner, T. E. (2019). Interactive effects of acute suicidal affective disturbance and pain persistence on suicide attempt frequency and lethality. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 40(6), 413–421.

Rogers, M. L., Gai, A. R., Lieberman, A., Musacchio Schafer, K., & Joiner, T. E. (2021). Why does safety planning prevent suicidal behavior? Professional Psychology: Research and Practice.

Roush, J. F., O'Brien, K. M., & Ruha, A. L. (2020). Evaluating a recovery-oriented intensive outpatient program for veterans at risk for suicide. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention. Advance online publication. 

Sale, E., Sandhu, A. S., & VonDras, S. (2021). Effectiveness of a continuity-of-care model to reduce youth suicidality: Preliminary evidence from Kansas City, USA. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention.

Schlagbaum, P., Ruch, D. A., Tissue, J. L., Sheftall, A. H., & Bridge, J. A. (2020). Depressed mood prior to death: Implications for precipitating factors of youth suicide. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention. Advance online publication.

Siddaway, A. P., Wood, A. M., O'Carroll, R. E., & O'Connor, R. C. (2019). Characterizing self-injurious cognitions: Development and validation of the Suicide Attempt Beliefs Scale (SABS) and the Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Beliefs Scale (NSIBS). Psychological Assessment, 31(5), 592–608.

Sinyor, M. (2020). Review of Suicide prevention [Review of the book <I>suicide prevention</i> (3rd revised ed.), by N. Kapur & R. D. Goldney]. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention. Advance online publication.

Spangler, D. A., Muñoz, R. F., Chu, J., & Leykin, Y. (2020). Perceived utility of the Internet-based safety plan in a sample of internet users screening positive for suicidality. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 41(2), 146–149.

Snir, A., Apter, A., Barzilay, S., Feldman, D., Rafaeli, E., Carli, V., Wasserman, C., Hadlaczky, G., Hoven, C. W., Sarchiapone, M., & Wasserman, D. (2018). Explicit motives, antecedents, and consequences of direct self-injurious behaviors: A longitudinal study in a community sample of adolescents. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 39(4), 255–266.

Stanley, B., Currier, G. W., Chesin, M., Chaudhury, S., Jager-Hyman, S., Gafalvy, H., & Brown, G. K. (2018). Suicidal behavior and non-suicidal self-injury in emergency departments underestimated by administrative claims data. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 39(5), 318–325.

Stanley, I. H. (2021). Advancements in the understanding of PTSD and suicide risk: Introduction to a special section. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 13(7), 723–724.

Stanley, I. H., Hom, M. A., Sachs-Ericsson, N. J., Gallyer, A. J., & Joiner, T. E. (2020). A pilot randomized clinical trial of a lethal means safety intervention for young adults with firearm familiarity at risk for suicide. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 88(4), 372–383.

Tyndal, T., Zhang, I., & Jobes, D. A. (2021). The Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) stabilization plan for working with patients with suicide risk. Psychotherapy.

Westefeld, J. S. (2019). Suicide prevention and psychology: A call to action. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 50(1), 1–10.

Witte, T. K., Holm-Denoma, J. M., Zuromski, K. L., Gauthier, J. M., & Ruscio, J. (2017). Individuals at high risk for suicide are categorically distinct from those at low risk. Psychological Assessment, 29(4), 382–393.

Yip, P. S. F. (2011). Towards evidence-based suicide prevention programs [Editorial]. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 32(3), 117–120.

Zisk, A., Abbott, C. H., Bounoua, N., Diamond, G. S., & Kobak, R. (2019). Parent–teen communication predicts treatment benefit for depressed and suicidal adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 87(12), 1137–1148.

Zonana, J., Simberlund, J., & Christos, P. (2018). The impact of safety plans in an outpatient clinic. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 39(4), 304–309.

Additional References:
- Beta, M. MD, MPH, Miller, M. MD, MPH, ScD, Barber C. MPA, Beaty B., Miller I. Ph.D., Camargo, C. MD, DrPH, Boudreaux, E. Ph.D. Lethal Means Access and Assessment among Suicidal Emergency Department Patients. Depress Anxiety. June 2016. 33(6). Pg. 502-511.

- Centers for Disease Control. Understanding Suicide. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Division of Violence Prevention. 2015.

- Commonwealth of Virginia Commission on Youth. Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious Behavior.

- Comtois, Kate Ph.D. MPH. Treatment Interventions for Suicide Prevention. University of Washington.

- Draper, J. Ph.D., Murphy, G. Ph.D., Eduardo, V. MA, Covington D. LPC,MBA, McKeon, R. Ph.D., MPH. Helping Callers to the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline Who Are at Imminent of Suicide: The Importance of Active Engagement, Active Rescue, and Collaboration between Crisis and Emergency Services. The Official Journal of the American Association of Suicidology. June 2015. Pg. 261-270.

- Dykes, M., Specian, V., Nelson, M., Gray, Ph.D.. N. Self-Injurious Behavior: Characteristics and Innovative Treatment Strategies. Southeast Kentucky Community & Technical College.

- Education Development Center, Inc. Suicide Assessment Five-Step Evaluation and Triage for Mental Health Professionals. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2009. Pg. 2.

- Emelianchik-Key, K., Byrd, R., La Guardia, A. Adolescent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Analysis of the Youth Risk Behavior Survery Trends. The Professional Counselor. 2016. Volume 6, Issue 1. Pg. 61-75.

- Hausmann-Stabile, C., Kuhlberg, J., Zayas, L., Nolle, A., Cintron, S. Means, Intent, Lethality, Behaviors, and Psychiatric Diagnosis in Latina Adolescent Suicide Attempters. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. June 2012. 43(3). Pg. 241-248.

- Johannessen, H., Dieserud, G., De Leo, D., Claussen, B., Zahl, P. Chain of Care for Patients who have Attempted Suicide. BMC Public Health. 2011. 11:81.

- Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J. Ph.D., Lamis, D. , Ph.D., McCullars A., Ph.D. Suicide Interventions Targeted Toward At-Risk Youth. Alabama Counseling Association Journal. Volume 38, Issue 2. Pg. 43-64.

- Madden, M. Ph.D., Haley, D., M.P.H. Youth Suicide Prevention Referral and Tracking Toolkit. Maine Youth Suicide Prevention Program.

- McCabe, R., Stemo, I., Priebe, S., Barnes, R., & Byng, R. How do Healthcare Professionals Interview Patients to Assess Suicide Risk?BMC Psychiatry. 2017. 17:122.

- National Strategy for Suicide Prevention: Goals and Objectives for Action. Risk and Protective Factors for Suicide. Suicide Prevention Resource Center. 2001.

- National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (2014). Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) Risk Assessment (Lifeline crisis center version). The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), p. 1-5.

- Nelson, E. MD, Delaney, T. Ph.D., Barber, C. MPA, Frank, E. MHS, Fenner-Lukaitis E. MSW. Reducing Suicide Risk by Limiting Access to Lethal Means. Vermont Department of Mental Health. October 2014.

- Palasciano-Barton, Sarah, M.A. Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: What is it, why does it happen, and how can we help? Ohio Department of Education. March 2017.

- (2018). Safe Care Transitions for Suicide Prevention. Utah Zero Suicide Learning Collaborative 2018, 1–27. Retrieved September 5, 2019 from https://dsamh.utah.gov/pdf/ZS Docs/Safe Care Transitions DSAMH 2018.pdf

- Samra, J., White, J., & Goldner, E. (Eds.). (n.d.). Working With the Client Who is Suicidal: A Tool for Adult Mental Health and Addiction Services. p. 87-91, 100 Retrieved September 7, 2019 from British Columbia Ministry of Health.

- Sarchiapone, M., Mandelli, L., Iosue, M., Andrisano, C., Roy, A. Controlling Acces to Suicide Means. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. December 2011. 8. Pg. 4550-4562.

- Schmidt, Peter G., Psy.D., LMHC. Suicide Prevention - Veterans Module. Washington Department of Veterans Affairs.

- Sommers-Flanagan, John Ph.D. Conversations About Suicide: Strategies for Detecting and Assessing Suicide Risk. National Register of Health Service Psychologists. Winter 2018.

- Stanley, B., & Brown, G. (2008). SAFETY PLANNING Introduction, Sample, and DMH Template and Considerations. Manual to Reduce Suicide Risk: Veteran Version , 1–4. Retrieved September 8, 2019 from http://file.lacounty.gov/SDSInter/dmh/1041367_302_13_Att_7.pdf 

- Stone, D.M., Holland, K.M., Bartholow, B., Crosby, A.E., Davis, S., and Wilkins, N. (2017). Preventing Suicide: A Technical Package of Policies, Programs, and Practices. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Finding Quality Treatment for Substance Use Disorders.

- The Assessment and Management of Suicide Risk Work Group (2019) VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for Assessment and Management of Patients at Risk for Suicide. Department of Veterans AffairsDepartment of Defense, Version2.0, p. 1-142.

- The Assessment and Management of Risk for Suicide Working Group. (June 2013). VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for Assessment and Management of Patients at Risk for Suicide. Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Defense, Version 1.0, p. 22-34, 35-55, 48-61, 59-71,
72 -87, 123-137, and 177-190.

- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Addressing Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2013. Pg. 19-21.

- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Substance Use and Suicide: A Nexus Requiring a Public Health Approach. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2016. Pg. 1-6.

- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Safety Plan Quick Guide for Clinicians.

- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. VA/DOD Clinical Practice Guideline: Assessment and Management of Patients at Risk for Suicide. February 2014. Pg. 6.

- U.S. Marshals Service. Best Practices in Suicide Risk Assessment Documentation.